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Minneapolis

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This article is about the city in Minnesota. For other uses, see .

Minneapolis, MinnesotaCity of MinneapolisClockwise from top: , from the , , the , , and nightclub.SealEtymology: word mni (water) with polis (city)Nickname(s):"City of Lakes", "Mill City", "Twin Cities" (a nickname shared with ), "Mini Apple"Motto(s):En Avant (French: 'Forward')Location within Hennepin CountyMinneapolisLocation within MinnesotaMinneapolisLocation within the United States MinneapolisMinneapolis (North America)Coordinates: : Incorporated1867Founded by and Government• Type• Body• ()• ()Area• (148.89 km 2)• Land54.00 sq mi (139.86 km2)• Water3.49 sq mi (9.03 km2)Elevation830 ft (264 m)Population()•382,578• Estimate(2019)429,606• RankUS: MN: • Density7,820.80/sq mi (3,019.64/km2)•3,629,190 (US: )•4,014,593 (US: )Minneapolitan ()• Summer () ()55401–55488 (range includes some ZIP Codes for Minneapolis suburbs)27-43000Major airport Public transportationWebsiteMinneapolis ( ()) is the largest city in the of and the of the . As of 2019, Minneapolis has an estimated population of 429,606, making it the . Minneapolis and its neighbor make up the , with Minneapolis being the larger of the two. The Twin Cities metro and their surrounding suburbs contain about 3.63 million people, making it the third-largest economic and population center in the . Minneapolis is the of .

Minneapolis lies on both banks of the , just north of the river's confluence with the , and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with , wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the and the . Due in part to its high degree of accessibility, the city is routinely ranked as having the best park system in the United States. Minneapolis was once the world's flour capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between and . Minneapolis is home to five companies, and the Twin Cities are the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States.

Minneapolis has one of the largest populations in the U.S. Noted for its strong music and performing arts scenes, Minneapolis is home to both the award-winning and the historic . Reflecting the region's status as a center of folk, funk, and alternative rock music, the city served as the launching pad for several of the 20th century's most influential musicians, including and . Minneapolis has also become noted for its underground and independent hip-hop and rap scenes, producing artists such as , , , and . Renowned for its investment in biking infrastructure, the city is regularly named the best biking city in the United States.

Contents Etymology The name for Minneapolis is Bdeóta Othúŋwe (Many Lakes City). Several names were proposed for the new city after its incorporation, including Lowell, Adasville, and Albion, with the latter name suggested by Hennepin County itself. Daniel Payne, , and George Bowman contributed to replacing Albion. While the name All Saints was facetiously suggested in the St. Paul Pioneer, implying the town would come to absorb its neighbors of Saint Paul and , the name Minneapolis was ultimately chosen. The present name is attributed to , the city's first schoolmaster, who suggested Minnehapolis, derived from , and combined mni, a Dakota word for water, and polis, the word for city.

History Main article: Dakota natives, city founded Early map of the Minneapolis area showing Dakota paths and villages c. 1834The were the region's sole residents when French explorers arrived in 1680. Gradually, more European-American settlers arrived, competing for game and other resources with the Native Americans. By the following the , British land east of the Mississippi River became part of the United States. In the early 19th century, the United States acquired land to the west of the river from France in the . was built in 1819 by the at the southern edge of present-day Minneapolis and also bordering Saint Paul as the U.S. military's most remote outpost, to direct Indian trade away from the French and English to the U.S., and to prevent the Dakota and Ojibwe in the north from fighting each other. The fort attracted traders, settlers and merchants, spurring growth. Agents of the St. Peters Indian Agency built at the fort enforced U.S. policy of assimilating Native Americans into European-American society, asking them to give up hunting for subsistence and to learn to plow for cultivation. The U.S. government pressed the Dakota to sell their land which was ceded in a succession of treaties. The U.S. reneged on the treaties during the , resulting in hunger, , internment, and exile of the Dakota from Minnesota.

Outwitting the fort's commandant, laid his claim on the east bank of , and Stevens built his home on the west bank. The Minnesota Territorial Legislature authorized Minneapolis as a town in 1856, on the Mississippi's west bank. Minneapolis incorporated as a city in 1867 and later joined with the east-bank city of St. Anthony in 1872.

Waterpower; lumber and flour milling Minneapolis developed around , the highest waterfall on the and a source of power for its early industry. Forests in northern Minnesota were a valuable resource for the industry, which operated seventeen on power from the waterfall.

view of Minneapolis, early 20th centuryBy 1871, the west river bank had twenty-three businesses, including flour mills, woolen mills, iron works, a railroad machine shop, and mills for cotton, paper, sashes, and planing wood. Due to the occupational hazards of milling, six local sources of artificial limbs were competing in the business by the 1890s. The farmers of the grew that was shipped by rail to the city's 34 . Millers have used elsewhere since the 1st century B.C., but the results in Minneapolis between 1880 and 1930 were so remarkable the city has been described as "the greatest direct-drive waterpower center the world has ever seen."

Loading , , 1939A father of modern milling in America and founder of what became , converted his business from to truly revolutionary technology, including "gradual reduction" processing by steel and porcelain capable of producing premium-quality pure very quickly. Some ideas were developed by William Dixon Gray and some acquired through from by . and the across the river were barely a step behind, hiring Washburn employees to immediately use the new methods. The hard red spring wheat that grows in Minnesota became valuable ($0.50 profit per barrel in 1871 increased to $4.50 in 1874), and Minnesota "patent" flour was recognized at the time as the best in the world.

Not until later did consumers discover the value in the (which contains wheat's vitamins, minerals and fiber) that "...Minneapolis flour millers routinely dumped" into the Mississippi. After 1883, a Minneapolis miller virtually started a new industry when he began to sell bran byproduct as . Millers cultivated relationships with academic scientists, especially at the . Those scientists backed them politically on many issues, such as in the early 20th century when health advocates in the nascent field of criticized the flour "bleaching" process. At peak production, a made enough flour for 12 million loaves of bread each day; by 1900, 14.1 percent of America's grain was milled in Minneapolis. Further, by 1895, through the efforts of silent partner , Washburn-Crosby exported four million barrels of flour a year to the United Kingdom. When exports reached their peak in 1900, about one third of all flour milled in Minneapolis was shipped overseas.

Corruption, bigotry, social movements, urban renewal Battle between striking teamsters and police, Known initially as a kindly physician, led the city into corruption during four terms as mayor just before 1900. The was famous for bribery and intimidation during the 1930s and 1940s. The city made dramatic changes to rectify as early as 1886 when founded for both married and unmarried mothers.

Different forms of bigotry played roles during the first half of the 20th century. In 1910, a Minneapolis developer started writing restrictive covenants based on race and ethnicity into his deeds. Copied by other developers, the practice prevented minorities from owning or leasing such properties. Though such language was prohibited by state law in 1953 and by the federal , restrictive covenants against minorities remained in many Minneapolis deeds as recently as 2017. The succeeded by entering family life, but effectively was a force in the city only from 1921 until 1923. After Minnesota passed a eugenics law in 1925, the proprietors of about one thousand people at the .

From the end of World War I until 1950, Minneapolis was a "particularly virulent" site of . A known as the recruited members in the city and held meetings around 1936 to 1938. Answering bigotry against Jewish doctors, opened in 1948 as the first hospital in the community to accept members of minority races and religions on its medical staff.

The in 1939When the country's fortunes turned during the , the violent resulted in laws acknowledging workers' rights. A lifelong activist and union supporter, mayor helped the city establish and a human relations council that interceded on behalf of by 1946. In the 1950s, about 1.6% of the population of Minneapolis was nonwhite. Minneapolis contended with , participated in and the , and in 1968 was the birthplace of the .

During the 1950s and 1960s, as part of , the city razed about 200 buildings across 25 city blocks (roughly 40% of downtown), destroying the and many buildings with notable architecture, including the . Efforts to save the building failed but are credited with sparking interest in historic preservation in the state.

In 2020, a number of broke out in the city following the on May 25.

riverfront and in 1915. At left, , power plants and the . Today the 's Mill City Museum is in the , across the river just to the left of the falls. At center left are mills. The tall building is . In the right foreground are and the .Geography and climate Main articles: , , and View of downtown Minneapolis across The history and economic growth of Minneapolis are tied to water, the city's defining physical characteristic, which was brought to the region during the 10,000 years ago. Ice blocks deposited in valleys by retreating glaciers created the . Fed by a receding and , torrents of water from a cut the Mississippi riverbed and created the river's only waterfall, , important to the early settlers of Minneapolis.

Lying on an and flat terrain, Minneapolis has a total area of 58.4 square miles (151.3 km2) and of this 6% is water. Water supply is managed by four districts that correspond to the Mississippi and the city's three . Twelve lakes, three large ponds, and five unnamed wetlands are within Minneapolis.

Battered by logs in the river and reduced by quarrying of its limestone, Spirit Island at one time marked the river at Saint Anthony Falls, until white settlement erased its Dakota tradition. The removed the island from the river in 1960.

The city center is located at 45° N . The city's lowest elevation of 686 feet (209 m) is near where meets the Mississippi River. The site of the Water Tower is often cited as the city's highest point and a placard in Deming Heights Park denotes the highest elevation. A spot at 974 feet (297 m) in or near Waite Park in , however, is corroborated by Google Earth as the highest ground.

Cityscape The Minneapolis skyline seen from the in July 2014 MinneapolisClimate chart ()JFMAMJJASOND0.92480.829131.941242.758373.469494.379 59483644.380623.172522.458401.841261.22712Average max. and min. temperatures in °FPrecipitation totals in inchesSource: Metric conversionJFMAMJJASOND23−4−1320−2−11485−4681438521910826151032818109271778221162144455−329−3−11Average max. and min. temperatures in °CPrecipitation totals in mmClimate Minneapolis experiences a hot-summer (Dfa in the ), typical of southern parts of the , and is situated in USDA zone 4b, with small enclaves of the city classified as being zone 5a. The city features very cold, snowy winters and humid, warm to hot summers. As is typical in a continental climate, the difference between average temperatures in the coldest winter month and the warmest summer month is great: 60.1 °F (33.4 °C).

According to the , Minneapolis's annual average for is 58%.

The city experiences a full range of precipitation and related weather events, including snow, sleet, ice, rain, thunderstorms, and fog. The highest recorded temperature was 108 °F (42 °C) in while the lowest was −41 °F (−41 °C) in January 1888. The snowiest winter on record was 1983–84, when 98.6 inches (250 cm) of snow fell, and the least snowy winter was 1890–91, when only 11.1 inches (28 cm) fell.

Climate data for Minneapolis/St. Paul International Airport (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1871–present)MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJul AugSepOctNovDecYearRecord high °F (°C)58 (14)64 (18)83 (28)95 (35)106 (41)104 (40)108 (42)103 (39)104 (40)90 (32)77 (25)68 (20)108 (42)Mean maximum °F (°C)43.1 (6.2)47.3 (8.5)65.9 (18.8)80.1 (26.7)87.9 (31.1)93.3 (34.1)94.8 (34.9)92.4 (33.6)87.9 (31.1)79.1 (26.2)61.6 (16.4)45.5 (7.5)96.6 (35.9)Average high °F (°C)23.7 (−4.6)28.9 (−1.7)41.3 (5.2)57.8 (14.3)69.4 (20.8)78.8 (26.0)83.4 (28.6)80.5 (26.9)71.7 (22.1)58.0 (14.4)41.2 (5.1)27.1 (−2.7)55.2 (12.9)Daily mean °F (°C)15.6 (−9.1)20.9 (−6.2)32.8 (0.4)47.5 (8.6)59.2 (15.1)68.8 (20.4)73.8 (23.2)71.2 (21.8)62.1 (16.7)48.9 (9.4)33.7 (0.9)19.7 (−6.8)46.2 (7.9)Average low °F (°C)7.5 (−13.6)12.8 (−10.7)24.3 (−4.3)37.2 (2.9)48.9 (9.4)58.8 (14.9)64.1 (17.8)61.8 (16.6)52.4 (11.3)39.7 (4.3)26.2 (−3.2)12.3 (−10.9)37.2 (2.9)Mean minimum °F (°C)−15.0 (−26.1)−9.4 (−23.0)3.6 (−15.8)21.6 (−5.8)34.9 (1.6)45.0 (7.2)53.2 (11.8)50.7 (10.4)36.4 (2.4)25.3 (−3.7)7.6 (−13.6)−10.0 (−23.3)−18.9 (−28.3)Record low °F (°C)−41 (−41)−33 (−36)−32 (−36)2 (−17)18 (−8)34 (1)43 (6)39 (4)26 (−3)10 (−12)−25 (−32)−39 (−39)−41 (−41)Average inches (mm)0.90 (23)0.77 (20)1.89 (48)2.66 (68)3.36 (85)4.25 (108)4.04 (103)4.30 (109)3.08 (78)2.43 (62)1.77 (45)1.16 (29)30.61 (778)Average snowfall inches (cm)12.2 (31)7.7 (20)10.3 (26)2.4 (6.1)trace0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)trace0.6 (1.5)9.3 (24)11.9 (30)54.4 (138)Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)8.97.49.310.711.511.310.29.79.89.28.79.8116.5Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)8.46.85.42.0 0.100000.65.29.337.8Average (%)69.969.567.460.360.463.864.867.970.768.372.674.167.5Mean monthly156.7178.3217.5242.1295.2321.9350.5 307.2233.2181.0112.8114.32,710.7Percent55615960646974716253394259Average1235788753214Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961−1990)Source 2: The Weather Channel, Weather Atlas Demographics Historical populationCensusPop.%±5,809—13,066124.9%46,887258.8%164,738251.4%202,71823.1%301,40848.7%380,58226.3%464,35622.0% 492,3706.0%521,7186.0%482,872−7.4%434,400−10.0%370,951−14.6%368,383−0.7%382,6183.9%382,5780.0%Est. 2019429,60612.3%U.S. Decennial CensusMain article: Racial composition201019901970195063.8%78.4%93.6%98.4%—Non-Hispanic60.3%77.5%92.8%n/a18.6%13%4.4%1.3% (of any race)10.5%2.1%0.9%n/a5.6%4.3%0.4%0.2%Other race5.6%n/an/an/a4.4%n/an/an/aAs of the 2010 , the racial composition was as follows:

make up about three-fifths of Minneapolis's population. This community is predominantly of and descent. There are 82,870 German Americans in the city, making up over one-fifth (23.1%) of the population. The Scandinavian-American population is primarily and . There are 39,103 Norwegian Americans, making up 10.9% of the population; there are 30,349 Swedish Americans, making up 8.5% of the city's population. are not nearly as numerous as there are 4,434 of them, making up only 1.3% of the population. Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish Americans together make up 20.7% of the population. This means that ethnic Germans and Scandinavians together make up 43.8% of Minneapolis's population, and make up the majority of Minneapolis's non-Hispanic white population. Other significant European groups in the city include those of (11.3%), (7.0%), (3.9%), (3.5%) and (2.3%) descent. African Americans make up 18.6% of the city's population, with a large fraction hailing from Rust Belt cities such as Chicago and Gary, Indiana over the past three decades.

. Immigrants from arrived beginning in the 1860s.There are 10,711 individuals who identify as in Minneapolis: People of black and white ancestry number at 3,551, and make up 1.0% of the population. People of white and Native American ancestry number at 2,319, and make up 0.6% of the population. Those of white and Asian ancestry number at 1,871, and make up 0.5% of the population. Lastly, people of black and Native American ancestry number at 885, and make up 0.2% of Minneapolis's population.

As early as the 16th century, tribes, mostly the , were known as permanent settlers near their sacred site of St. Anthony Falls. New settlers arrived during the 1850s and 1860s in Minneapolis from , , Bohemia (now the Czech Republic) and Canada, and, during the mid-1860s, immigrants from Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark began to call the city home. Migrant workers from and Latin America also interspersed. Other immigrants came from Germany, Poland, Italy, and Greece. Many Central European immigrants settled in the Northeast neighborhood of the city, which to this day remains diverse and is known for its Czech (see ) and Polish cultural heritage. Jews from Central and Eastern Europe, and Russia began arriving in the 1880s and settled primarily on the north side of the city before moving in large numbers to the western suburbs in the 1950s and 1960s. Asians came from China, the , Japan, and . Two groups came for a short while during U.S. government relocations: Japanese during the 1940s, and during the 1950s. From 1970 onward, Asians arrived from , , and . Beginning in the 1990s, a sizable population arrived, along with immigrants from the , . Like other major cities, the metropolitan area has been an immigrant gateway that had a 127% increase in foreign-born residents between 1990 and 2000.

The U.S. Census Bureau estimates the population of Minneapolis to be 422,331 as of 2017, a 10.4% increase since the 2010 census. The population grew until 1950, when the census peaked at 521,718, and then declined until about 1990 as people moved to the suburbs.

Among U.S. cities as of 2006, Minneapolis has the fourth-highest percentage of gay, lesbian, or bisexual people in the adult population, with 12.5% (behind San Francisco, and slightly behind both and ). In 2012, named Minneapolis the seventh gayest city in America. In 2013, the city was among 25 U.S. cities to receive the highest possible score from the , signifying its support for residents.

Racial and ethnic minorities in the city lag behind white counterparts in education, with 15.0% of blacks and 13.0% of Hispanics holding bachelor's degrees compared to 42.0% of the white population. The standard of living is on the rise, with incomes among the highest in the , but median household income among minorities is below that of whites by over $17,000. Regionally, home ownership among minority residents is half that of whites, though Asian home ownership has doubled. In 2000, the poverty rate for whites was 4.2%; for blacks it was 26.2%; for Asians, 19.1%; Native Americans, 23.2%; and Hispanics, 18.1%.

In December 2018, the Minneapolis City Council voted to end citywide. At the time, 70% of residential land was zoned for detached single-family homes. The New York Times explains that the United States, as a whole, is suffering from an acute shortage of affordable places to live, particularly in urban areas where economic opportunity is concentrated, leading to rising rates and housing prices. Studies have found that single-family neighborhoods exacerbates the problem of the rising cost of housing by limiting the supply of available units. Many Minneapolis blocks today date to before the 1920s, with duplexes or small apartment buildings next to single-family homes. For years, those older buildings were considered "nonconforming" to the cities' ordinances. Under Minneapolis's new plan, that distinction will end as townhomes, duplexes and apartments will become the preferred norm. Therefore, most improvements of these ideas are not new, but rather retroactively undoing typical notions and policies set in the past. Slate Magazine explained that single-family home zoning was devised as a legal way to keep black Americans and other minorities from moving into certain neighborhoods, and it still functions as an effective barrier today. Thus, zoning was used as an indirect way to enact . Further, Politico Magazine explains that single-family-only neighborhoods, which were common of city and planning for years, and have been components of the American dream: streets lined with stand-alone houses, green lawns and plenty of room. Minneapolis' new plan would reshape the urban streetscape around walking and mass transit. Minneapolis's approach has been to upzone every single-family neighborhood at once. In addition to cost, single-family neighborhoods constrain the economic potential of cities by limiting growth and contributes to , by necessitating and long commutes. Increasing housing density, which can be measured as the number of dwelling units per acre of residential area, not including streets, open space, or other non-residential space, can be a way that cities can become more .

Religion The -style by The Dakota people, the original inhabitants of the area where Minneapolis now stands, believed in the and were surprised that not all European settlers were religious. More than 50 denominations and religions have an established presence in Minneapolis: According to a 2014 study by the , 70% of the population of the city identified themselves as , with 46% professing attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered (most of whom being Lutheran due to the city's German and Scandinavian heritage), and 21% professing beliefs. The same study says that other religions (including , , and ) collectively make up about 5% of the population, and 23% claimed .

Those who arrived from were for the most part Christian , , and . The oldest continuously used church in the city, , was built in the neighborhood in 1856 by Universalists and soon afterward was acquired by a French Catholic congregation. The first congregation in Minneapolis was formed in 1878 as Shaarai Tov (though it has been known since 1920 as ) and in 1928 built a synagogue in the . St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral was founded in 1887, opened a missionary school in 1897, and in 1905 created the first seminary in the U.S. designed both and on just south of downtown. The first basilica in the United States, and of the , the near was named by in 1926.

Religion in Minneapolis (2014)ReligionPercent46%23%21%Other5%1%The , Decision magazine, and film and television distribution were headquartered in Minneapolis from the late 1940s into the 2000s. and met while attending the Pentecostal and began a television ministry that by the 1980s reached 13.5 million households. Today, Mount Olivet in southwest Minneapolis is the nation's second-largest Lutheran congregation, with about 6,000 attendees. in the neighborhood, designed by with an education building by his son , is a .

During the 1950s, members of the created a temple in north Minneapolis, and the first was built in 1967. In 1972 a relief agency resettled the first family from . By 2004, between 20,000 and 30,000 Muslims made the city their home. In 1972 after the death of , Minnesotans at the invited Buddhist monk to move from California to Minneapolis—by one account, a place he thought nobody else would want to go. He founded a lineage which today includes three centers among the city's nearly 20 and meditation centers. Atheists For Human Rights has its headquarters in the neighborhood in a . Minneapolis has had a chartered local body of since 1994. Hindus are served by multiple temples in Minneapolis and the in .

Economy See also: White towers reflected in the The is the third largest economic center in the , behind and . During the city's formative years, millers had to pay cash for wheat during the growing season and then hold it until it was needed for flour. This required large amounts of capital, which stimulated the local banking industry and made Minneapolis a major financial center. The economy of Minneapolis today is based in commerce, finance, rail and trucking services, health care, and industry. Smaller components are in publishing, milling, food processing, graphic arts, insurance, education, and high technology. Industry produces metal and automotive products, chemical and agricultural products, electronics, computers, precision medical instruments and devices, plastics, and machinery. The city at one time produced farm implements.

The Twin Cities metropolitan area has the fifth highest concentration of major corporate headquarters in the country, with five headquartered within the city limits of Minneapolis: , , , and . As of 2015, the city's largest employers downtown are Target, , , , Ameriprise, U.S. Bancorp, , the city of Minneapolis, , the newspaper, , Thrivent, , , and the .

's 361,000 employees operate 1,801 stores throughout the U.S.Foreign companies with U.S. offices in Minneapolis include , (now part of ), , , and . In its 2018 survey for executives, ranked Minneapolis the third-most expensive city in North America and 26th in the world.

The Twin Cities contribute 63.8% of the of Minnesota. Measured by gross metropolitan product per resident ($62,054), Minneapolis is the fifteenth richest city in the U.S. The area's $199.6 billion and its rank thirteenth in the U.S. Recovering from the nation's recession in 2000, grew 3.8% in 2005, though it was behind the national average of 5%. The city returned to peak employment during the fourth quarter of that year.

The serves Minnesota, , and , and parts of and . The smallest of the 12 regional banks in the , it operates a nationwide payments system, oversees member banks and bank holding companies, and serves as a banker for the U.S. Treasury. The , founded in 1881, is still located near the riverfront and is the only exchange for hard red spring and .

Culture Minneapolis's cultural organizations draw creative people and audiences to the city for theater, visual art, writing and music. The community's diverse population also continues to manage a long tradition of charitable support through progressive public social programs, and volunteering, as well as through private and corporate philanthropy.

Visual arts Main article: The , one of the five largest modern art museums in the U.S., sits atop Lowry Hill, near the downtown area. The size of the center was doubled with an addition in 2005 by , and expanded with the conversion of a 15 acres (6.1 ha) park designed by Michel Desvigne, located across the street from the .

The , designed by in 1915 in south central Minneapolis, is the largest art museum in the city, with 100,000 pieces in its permanent collection. New wings, designed by and , opened in 1974 and 2006, respectively, for contemporary and modern works, as well as more gallery space.

The is open every day and offers free admission to its collection of 90,000 objects spanning 20,000 years.The , designed by for the , opened in 1993. An addition that doubled the size of the galleries, also designed by Gehry, opened in 2011. The Weisman Art Museum offers free admission. opened in a restored church in 2005 and exhibits a collection of 20th-century Russian art as well as lecture series, seminars, social functions and other special events.

voted the as the nation's best art district in 2015, citing 400 independent artists, a center at the Northrup King Building, and recurring annual events like Art-A-Whirl every spring, and the Fine Arts Show Art Attack and Casket Arts Quad's Cache open studio events in November.

Theater and performing arts Minneapolis has been a cultural center for theatrical performances since the mid 1800s. Early theaters included the Pence Opera House, the Academy of Music, the Grand Opera House, the Lyceum, and later the Metropolitan Opera House, which opened in 1894.

The city is second only to New York City in terms of the number of theater companies per capita and is the third-largest theater market in the United States. Theater companies and troupes such as the Illusion, Jungle, , , , Bedlam Theatre, , , the , the , , , Theater Latté Da, , Lundstrum Center for the Performing Arts and the are based in Minneapolis.

The , the area's largest theater company, occupies a three-stage complex overlooking the Mississippi, designed by French architect . The company was founded in 1963 by as a prototype alternative to , and it produces a wide variety of shows throughout the year. Minneapolis purchased and renovated the , , and and film houses on , which are now used for concerts and plays. A fourth renovated theater, the former Shubert, joined with the to become the , home to more than one dozen performing arts groups. The city is home to , which features hundreds of performances and productions each year.

Music Recording artist studied at the through the .The plays classical and popular music at the city's under music director —a critic writing for The New Yorker in 2010 described it as "the greatest orchestra in the world." The orchestra was nominated in 2013 for its recording of "Sibelius: Symphonies Nos. 2 & 5," and it won a in 2014 for "Sibelius: Symphonies Nos 1 & 4." Vänskä departed in 2013 when a labor dispute remained unresolved, which forced the cancellation of concerts scheduled for . After a 15-month lockout, a contract settlement resulted in the return of the performers, including Vänskä, to Orchestra Hall in January 2014.

According to , for 25 years the has been one of the world's best jazz venues. Newer on the scene, Crooners in northeast Minneapolis also won world's best in 2020.

Singer and multi-instrumentalist was born in Minneapolis and lived in the area most of his life. After and his 11-piece Mind & Matter broke through discrimination that had created a race barrier downtown, Prince reached a global multiracial audience with his combination of indecency and religion. An authentic musical prodigy enriched by a music program at The Way Community Center, Prince learned to operate a at for his first album that became a sonic element of the Minneapolis sound. With fellow local musicians, many of whom recorded at , Prince helped make and the prominent venues for both artists and audiences.

In 1970, Allan Fingerhut saw the potential for the nightclub that became which celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2020.Other artists from Minneapolis include and , who were pivotal in the U.S. boom during the 1980s. Their respective and developed successful solo careers. The city is home to the MN Spoken Word Association and independent label and has garnered attention for rap, hip hop and . Underground Minnesota hip hop acts such as and frequently comment about the city and Minnesota in song lyrics.

released two songs about the city, "" (, 1978) and "9th & Hennepin" (, 1985), and recorded "Minneapolis" (, 2003). In 2008, the century-old opened a new facility designed by James Dayton.

Locally and internationally recognized Minneapolis artists include Woody McBride, and .

Minneapolis is home to three opera companies: , and , known for its productions of new musicals and operas.

Literature Minneapolis is the third-most literate city in the U.S. and hosted the founding of Open Book, the largest literary and book arts center in the country. The Center consists of the , the and , which The New York Times called the country's largest independent nonprofit literary publisher. The Center exhibits and teaches both contemporary art and traditional crafts of writing, papermaking, letterpress printing and bookbinding. Publishers located in Minneapolis include and the .

Charity (formerly the American Refugee Committee) is located on the top floor of the Bank's building.Philanthropy and charitable giving are part of the community. More than 40% of adults in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area give time to work, the highest percentage of any large metropolitan area in the United States. The metropolitan area gives 13% of its total charitable donations to the arts and culture. The majority of the estimated $1 billion recent expansion of arts facilities was contributed privately.

The oldest foundation in Minnesota, invests and administers over 900 charitable funds and connects donors to nonprofit organizations.

helps 2.5 million refugees and displaced persons each year in Asili-Democratic Republic of Congo, Jordan, Myanmar, Pakistan, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Thailand and Uganda. In 2011, Target Corporation was listed 42nd in a list of the best 100 corporate citizens in CR magazine for corporate responsibility officers. is one of the largest providers of social services locally.

Cuisine See also: West Broadway Avenue was a cultural center during the early 20th century but by the 1950s, flight to the began, and closed down. One of the largest urban in the United States was in Minneapolis, where, as of mid-2017, 70,000 people had only two . Wirth Co-op has since opened as did North Market in 2017.

As of 2019, Minneapolis-based chefs have won : , chef at Young Joni, Pizza Lola and Hello Pizza, won in 2019. Founder of the , won two James Beard prizes in 2019: the leadership award and best cookbook. Steve Hoffman won the James Beard distinguished writing award for "What Is Northern Food?." Other winners: 2008 rising star chef won again in 2018, Spoon & Stable; Alexander Roberts, Restaurant Alma; and Isaac Becker, 112 Eatery. Also in venues that have closed, Tim McKee won at La Belle Vie, and Paul Berglund at Bachelor Farmer. won in 2010, 2013 and 2017 for Outstanding Personality/Host on and for his television program On Location in 2012. When thirteen chefs and restaurants were nominated for James Beard awards in 2017, The Wall Street Journal named Minneapolis one of the ten best places to visit in the world.

Team USA, including (of Spoon and Stable, kitchen pictured), and , won a silver medal in the 2015 .Julia Moskin wrote about , chef Paul Berglund and the Bachelor Farmer, and the restaurants La Loma, Tilia, the Red Stag Supper Club, Fika and Haute Dish in The New York Times in 2012. She said Minneapolis chefs served trendy Nordic ingredients like root vegetables, fish roe, wild greens, venison, dried mushrooms, and seaweed. Two months later, featured the Bachelor Farmer, Piccolo, Saffron, Salty Tart, and Smack Shack/1029 Bar, writing about New Nordic cuisine and the Scandinavian heritage of Minneapolis. Minneapolis is noted for its East African cuisine due to a wave of Somali immigration which started in the 1990s. In 2018, named Spoon and Stable one of the 40 most important restaurants of the past 40 years. As of 2019, chefs and bakers at eight of nine Kim Bartmann Minneapolis restaurants use from Sunrise Four Mill.

reader's choice decided that Minneapolis–Saint Paul was the best local food scene in 2015. Four fine dining restaurants closed during 2015 and 2016: La Belle Vie, Vincent, Brasserie Zentral, and Saffron. Bachelor Farmer closed in 2020 due to the . Food & Wine named Brewer's Table at Surly Brewing one of its ten 2016 restaurants of the year. Also in 2016, Food & Wine named Eat Street Social, Constantine, and Coup d'État three of the best cocktail bars in the U.S. Young Joni was selected one of the top ten new restaurants and one of 's twelve best new restaurants of 2017. put Hai Hai on its list of America's best restaurants in 2018, and Grand Café and Marco Zappia of Martina both earned special mentions.

Sports Main articles: and Professional sports teams in MinneapolisTeamSportLeagueSinceVenue (capacity)Championships1999 (18,798), , and 1989 (18,798)1961 (39,500) and1961 (66,655) The defeat the Washington Mystics at Target Center in 2018.Minneapolis is home to four professional sports teams. The brought NBA basketball back to Minneapolis in 1989, followed by the in 1999. Both basketball teams play in the . In recent years, the Lynx have been the most successful sports team in the city and a dominant force in the , reaching the WNBA Finals in , , , , , and and winning in 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017.

The football team and the baseball team have played in the state since 1961. The Vikings were an , and the Twins were formed when the relocated to Minnesota. The Twins have won 11 division titles (1969, 1970, 1987, 1991, 2002–04, 2006, 2009, 2010, and 2019), three American League Pennants (1965, 1987 and 1991) and the in and . The Twins have played at since 2010. The Vikings played in the following the 1969, 1973, 1974, and 1976 seasons (, , and , respectively), losing all four games.

The of the play in at the . The team played the 2017 and 2018 seasons at the University of Minnesota's , and relocated to in St. Paul.

Other professional teams have played in Minneapolis in the past: First playing in 1884, the baseball team produced the best won-lost record in their league at the time and contributed fifteen players to the . During the 1920s, Minneapolis was home to the team the , later known as the . During the 1940s and 1950s the basketball team, the city's first in the major leagues in any sport, won six basketball championships (1948, 1949, 1950, 1952, 1953 and 1954) in three leagues to become the 's first dynasty before moving to Los Angeles. The , formerly the Minneapolis Boxing & Wrestling Club, operated in Minneapolis from 1960 until the 1990s.

The 1,750,000-square-foot (163,000 m2) was built for the Vikings for about $1.122 billion, over half financed by Vikings owner and private investment. Called "Minnesota's biggest-ever public works project," the stadium opened in 2016 with 66,000 seats, expandable to 70,000 for the 2018 Super Bowl. Two thousand are dominated by two , the league's 10th largest, that together measure 12,560 square feet (1,167 m2) and are each larger than a city house lot. Thanks to a state-of-the-art network, fans can order food and drink and have them delivered to their seats or ready for pickup. Season tickets sold out before the 2016 football season began and are still unavailable. U.S. Bank Stadium will also feature rollerblading nights and will host concerts and events.

The downtown , demolished beginning in January 2014 to make way for U.S. Bank Stadium, was the largest sports stadium in Minnesota from 1982 to 2013.

Major sporting events hosted by the city include the and , the and , in 1992 and in 2018, the , , and as well as the . Minneapolis also hosted the 1998 . Minneapolis has made it to the international round finals to host the Summer Olympic Games three times, being beaten by in 1948, in 1952 (when the city finished in second place), and in 1956. U.S. Bank stadium has hosted the since 2017. The city hosted the and and the . The 2020 X Games scheduled for July 17–19 were canceled due to the .

Since the 1930s, the have won national championships in baseball, boxing, football, golf, gymnastics, ice hockey, indoor and outdoor track, swimming, and wrestling. The team is a six-time and seven-time national champion winning in 2000, 2004, 2005, 2012, 2013, 2015, and 2016.

Parks and recreation Main article: is part of a 193-acre (78 ha) city park rather than an urban area, because its waterpower was overshadowed by that of a few miles farther north.The Minneapolis park system has been called the best-designed, best-financed, and best-maintained in America. The parks are governed and operated by the , an independent . Foresight, donations and effort by community leaders enabled to create his finest , preserving geographical landmarks and linking them with and . The city's , consisting of seven lakes and Minnehaha Creek, is connected by bike, running, and walking paths and used for swimming, fishing, picnics, boating, and ice skating. A for cars, a for riders, and a walkway for pedestrians runs parallel along the 52 miles (84 km) route of the .

is credited with the development of the parks system. His goal was to establish a park within walking distance of every child in the city. Today, 16.6% of the city is parks and there are 770 square feet (72 m2) of parkland for each resident, ranked in 2008 as the most parkland per resident within cities of similar population densities. In its 2019 ParkScore ranking, the reported that Minneapolis had the No. 3 best park system among the 100 most populous U.S. cities.

The 2006 Medtronic Parks are interlinked in many places and the connects regional parks and visitor centers. The country's oldest public wildflower garden, the Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden and Bird Sanctuary, is located within . Wirth Park is shared with and is about 90% the size of Central Park in New York City. Site of the 53-foot (16 m) , Minnehaha Park is one of the city's oldest and most popular parks, receiving over 500,000 visitors each year. named Hiawatha's wife Minnehaha for the Minneapolis waterfall in , a bestselling and often-parodied 19th century poem. The five-mile, hiking-only along the Mississippi River, with its gorge views and access, offers a rustic hiking experience in the city.

Runner's World ranks the Twin Cities as America's sixth best city for runners. The run in Minneapolis and Saint Paul every October draws 250,000 spectators. The 26.2-mile (42.2 km) race is a and Trials qualifier. The organizers sponsor three more races: a Kids Marathon, a 1-mile (1.6 km), and a 10-mile (16 km).

The ranked Minneapolis and its metropolitan area the nation's first, second, or third "fittest city" every year from 2008 to 2016, ranking it first from 2011 to 2013. In other sports, five are located within the city, with the nationally ranked and in nearby suburbs. Minneapolis is home to more per capita than any other major U.S. city. The state of Minnesota has the nation's highest number of , , and per capita. While living in Minneapolis, Scott and Brennan Olson founded (and later sold) , the company that popularized the sport of .

Government Main articles: , , and Spring art party, North Commons Park, , one of the eighty one Minneapolis is a stronghold for the (DFL), an affiliate of the . The holds the most power and represents the city's thirteen districts called . The city adopted in 2006, first using it in the 2009 elections. The council has 12 DFL members and one from the . Election issues in 2013 included funding for over which some incumbents lost their positions. That year, Minneapolis elected , Alondra Cano, and Blong Yang, the city's first Somali-American, Mexican-American, and Hmong-American city councilpeople, respectively.

of the is the current . The office of mayor is relatively weak but has some power to appoint individuals such as the chief of . Parks, taxation, and public housing are semi-independent boards and levy their own taxes and fees subject to Board of Estimate and Taxation limits. is the current president of the City Council.

In 2018, the city council passed the Minneapolis Comprehensive 2040 Plan and submitted it for Metropolitan Council approval. Watched nationally, the plan rezones predominantly single-family residential neighborhoods for triplexes to increase affordable housing, seeks to reduce the effects of climate change, and tries to rectify some of the city's racial disparities. After the Metropolitan Council approved the plan, in November 2019 the city council voted unanimously to allow duplexes and triplexes citywide. The called it "a relatively rare example of success for the agenda" and "the most wonderful plan of the year."

At the federal level, Minneapolis proper sits within , which has been represented since 2018 by Democrat , one of the first two practicing Muslim women and the first in Congress. Both of Minnesota's two U.S. Senators, and , were elected or appointed while living in Minneapolis and are also Democrats.

The in January 2014 moved its state headquarters from Saint Paul to the neighborhood of Minneapolis.

Citizens had a unique and powerful influence in government. Neighborhoods coordinated activities under the Neighborhood Revitalization Program (NRP), which ended in 2009. Minneapolis is divided into communities, each containing neighborhoods. In some cases two or more neighborhoods act together under one organization. Some areas are commonly known by nicknames of business associations.

The organizers of scored Minneapolis ninth best overall and second among mid-sized cities in their 2007 Urban Environment Report, a study based on indicators of environmental health and their effect on people. Minneapolis has also been cited as one of the most environmentally responsible cities in America.

Early Minneapolis experienced a period of corruption in local government and crime was common until an economic downturn in the mid-1900s. Since 1950 the population decreased and much of downtown was lost to urban renewal and highway construction. The result was a "moribund and peaceful" environment until the 1990s. Along with economic recovery the murder rate climbed. The imported a computer system from New York City that sent officers to high crime areas. Despite accusations of ; the result was a drop in major crime. Since 1999 the number of homicides increased during four years. Politicians debated the causes and solutions, including increasing the number of police officers, providing youths with alternatives to gangs and drugs, and helping families in poverty.

Crime in Minneapolis by neighborhood (2013)NeighborhoodPopulation (2000)HomicidesRateRapesRateRobberiesRateBurglaryRateAuto theft RateArmatage475900000031651.4363Audubon Park525600357.17133.2551046.416304.4Bancroft360600127.74110.9461275.79249.6Beltrami1277000 02156.6181409.68626.5Bottineau125400007558.2221754.45398.7Bryant278900135.96215.148172112430.3Bryn — Mawr26630000275.1411539.65 187.8Camden IndustrialN/A00002Carag5907000030507.9651100.421355.5Cedar Riverside75450011145.826344.637490.419251.8Cedar — Isles — Dean2698003111.2137.123852.54148.3Central8150336.8898.247576.7961177.931380.4Cleveland3440006174.421610.5551598.816465.1Columbia Park183400154.52109.12111458436.2Como569100587.910175.7851493.626456.9Cooper344800129258571653.112348Corcoran422800123.724567.673 1726.613307.5Diamond Lake525100238.1476.236685.69171.4Downtown East1281781.300862508625064687.5Downtown West4581243.715327.4185 4038.4481047.838829.5East Harriet3999000037528700.26150East Isles334000129.910299.4371107.811329.3East PhillipsN/A312525428Ecco 254500139.36235.8249435196.5Elliot Park6476230.917262.536555.933509.631478.7Ericsson314900131.84127521651.3395.3Field252600004 158.4311227.212475.1Folwell6331347.48126.4701105.71742748.443679.2Fulton55660000471.944790.56107.8Hale31960000131.318563.2262.6 Harrison4152124.15120.432770.7551324.738915.2Hawthorne6333115.87110.5831310.61151815.946726.4Hiawatha530400237.77132641206.618 339.4Holland4381122.8613721479.343981.524547.8Howe687800114.5572.7831206.731450.7Humboldt Industrial AreaN/A00004Jordan9149443.715 1641161267.92172371.860655.8Keewaydin317800005157.3411290.14125.9Kenny349300000014400.8257.3Kenwood15000000166.7322133.33200King Field7816112.8451.213166.31151471.322281.5Lind — Bohanon4401005113.623522.61132567.622499.9Linden Hills73700000227.157773.4340.7 Logan Park2222001453135301350.17315Longfellow4972008160.946925.2861729.732643.6Loring Park75010013173.343573.336479.922293.3Lowry Hill East5912116.9350.732541.357964.133558.2Lowry Hill399900007175401000.38200.1Lyndale76903391114334442.1841092.333429.1Lynnhurst 561300117.8353.4274817124.7Marcy Holmes900900777.726288.61041154.441455.1Marshall Terrace13420000174.5151117.710745.2Mckinley36580 05136.730820.1661804.320546.7Mid — City IndustrialN/A001814Midtown PhillipsN/A010616932Minnehaha405800249.35123.234837.910246.4 Morris Park298400133.53100.526871.36201.1Near — North6921114.415216.7941358.2941358.253765.8Nicollet Island — East Bank82800004 483.1910877845.4North Loop1515003198231518.2402640.3231518.2Northeast Park882003340.12226.8182040.88907Northrop433500369.2492.347 1084.215346Page1682000000171010.72118.9Phillips WestN/A13403727Phillips19805420.225126.2153772.5160807.959297.9Powderhorn Park8957 111.266748535.91241384.438424.2Prospect Park — East River Road632600694.812189.737584.918284.5Regina2489140.2140.28321.4311245.58 321.4Seward7174227.9341.822306.7971352.142585.4Sheridan27030051851244426961.916591.9Shingle Creek317000006189.3391230.37220.8St. Anthony East210500147.58380281330.24190St. Anthony West2666000010375.112450.112450.1Standish663200345.214211.1971462.625377Stevens Square — Loring Heights394800922817430.633835.914354.6Sumner — Glenwood1440032083.385555.6128333.342777.8Tangletown426300008187.7 26609.95117.3University Of Minnesota402600249.75124.216397.46149Ventura VillageN/A015775433Victory497500120.18160.8541085.425502.5 Waite Park52050000238.43363416307.4Webber — Camden5676352.99158.640704.71111955.643757.6Wenonah4422005113.15113.135791.57158.3West Calhoun18650000153.611589.8153.6Whittier15247319.71065.687570.61651082.267439.4Willard — Hay9277110.812129.487937.81771907.963 679.1Windom Park578600351.812207.450864.217293.8Windom498400360.25100.3551103.511220.7 Teachers union members march for justice for on July 19, 2016Minneapolis has an ordinance, adopted in 2003, that directs local law enforcement officers "not to 'take any law enforcement action' for the sole purpose of finding undocumented immigrants, or ask an individual about his or her immigration status."

From 2006 to 2012, under chief Tim Dolan, the crime rate steadily dropped, and the police benefited from new video and resources, although Dolan was criticized for expensive city settlements for police misconduct. While violent crime dropped (from 6,374 in 2006 to 3,720 in 2011), homicides rose by 105% and rape was at the highest rate among large cities. said in 2011 that Minneapolis tied with as the 10th most dangerous city in the United States.

A previous administration faced severe criticism after the who died in 2015. Facing new criticism when by a police officer in July 2017, the resignation of chief Janeé Harteau was secured, and 28-year veteran was appointed chief of police.

The City Council passed a resolution in March 2015 making city policy. With encouragement from city administration, Minneapolis joined seventeen cities worldwide in the . The city's is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 15 percent in 2015 "compared to 2006 levels, 30 percent by 2025 and 80 percent by 2050".

Education Main articles: , , , and Primary and secondary education enroll over 35,000 students in public and schools. The district administers about 100 public schools including 45 , seven , seven , eight schools, eight , 19 contract alternative schools, and five . With authority granted by the state legislature, the makes policy, selects the superintendent, and oversees the district's budget, curriculum, personnel, and facilities. In 2017, the graduation rate was 66 percent. Students speak over 100 different languages at home and most school communications are printed in English, , Spanish, and . Some students attend public schools in other school districts chosen by their families under Minnesota's open enrollment statute. Besides public schools, the city is home to more than 20 private schools and academies and about 20 additional charter schools.

Colleges and universities The Minneapolis campusMinneapolis's collegiate scene is dominated by the main campus of the where more than 50,000 undergraduate, graduate, and professional students attend 20 colleges, schools, and institutes. The graduate school programs ranked highest in 2007 were counseling and personnel services, chemical engineering, psychology, macroeconomics, applied mathematics and non-profit management.

, , and are private four-year colleges. and the private provide career training. has a Twin Cities campus for its graduate and professional programs. Two large principally , and , are both headquartered in the city. The public four-year and the private four-year are among postsecondary institutions based elsewhere with additional campuses in Minneapolis.

Libraries The system began to operate the city's public libraries in 2008. The , founded by in 1885, faced a severe budget shortfall for 2007, and was forced to temporarily close three of its neighborhood libraries. The new downtown Central Library designed by opened in 2006. Ten special collections hold over 25,000 books and resources for researchers, including the Minneapolis Collection and the Minneapolis Photo Collection. At recent count, 1,696,453 items in the system are used annually and the library answers over 500,000 research and fact-finding questions each year.

Media on the . The channel is named for Washburn Crosby Company (later, ) who purchased the radio station .Five major newspapers are published in Minneapolis: , , Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder, the university's and . Other publications are the weekly, the Mpls.St.Paul and Minnesota Monthly monthlies, and the .

Minneapolis has a mix of radio stations and healthy listener support for public radio. In the commercial market three radio broadcasting companies (formerly Clear Channel), , and operate the majority of the radio stations in the market. Listeners support three non-profit stations and two community non-profit stations, the Minneapolis Public Schools and the University of Minnesota each operate a station, and religious organizations run four stations.

The city's first television was broadcast in 1948 by the Saint Paul station and affiliate 5, an NBC affiliate at the time. The first to broadcast in color was 4, the which is located in downtown Minneapolis. WCCO-TV, affiliate 9 and affiliate 29 operate as of their affiliated networks. The city and suburbs are also home to independently owned affiliates of ( 11), ( 2), ( 23) and one independent station ( 45).

A number of movies have been shot in Minneapolis, including (1972), (1972), (1978), (1980), (1981), (1984), (1985), (1992), (1993), (1996), (1996), (1996), and (2011). In television, two episodes of were shot in Minneapolis in 1963 (and broadcast in 1963 and 1964). The 1970s situation comedy fictionally based in Minneapolis, , won three and 31 .

Infrastructure Transportation Main articles: , , and METRO Blue Line LRT downtown at Government PlazaHalf of Minneapolis–Saint Paul residents work in the city where they live. Most residents drive , but 60% of the 160,000 people working downtown commute by means other than a single person per auto. The 's , which operates the system and most of the city's buses, provides free travel vouchers through the Guaranteed Ride Home program to allay fears that commuters might otherwise be occasionally stranded if, for example, they work late hours.

On January 1, 2011, the city's limit of 343 taxis was lifted.

Minneapolis currently has two lines and one line. The LRT (formerly the Hiawatha Line) serves 34,000 riders daily and connects the and in to downtown. Most of the line runs at surface level, although parts of the line run on elevated tracks (including the Franklin Avenue and Lake Street/Midtown stations) and approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) of the line runs underground, including the Lindbergh terminal subway station at the airport.

Minneapolis's second light rail line, the shares stations with the Blue Line in downtown Minneapolis, and then at the , travels east through the , and then along into downtown . Construction began in November 2010 and the line began service on June 14, 2014. The third line, the Southwest Line (Green Line extension), will connect downtown Minneapolis with the southwestern suburb of Eden Prairie. Completion is expected sometime in 2022. A northwest LRT is planned along (Blue Line extension) from downtown to . Metro Transit recorded 81.9 million boardings in 2017, slightly down from 82.6 million in 2016. The Blue Line carried 10.7 million riders in 2017, breaking its previous record annual ridership total. About 13.1 million people rode the Green Line in 2017, up 3.5% from 2016. However, these increases in light rail ridership were offset by a lower number of bus boardings: 55.7 million in 2017, compared to about 58.5 boardings in 2016.

The 40-mile , which runs from through the northern suburbs and terminates at the multi-modal transit station at , opened on November 16, 2009. It uses existing railroad tracks and serves 2,600 daily commuters. Annual ridership on the line increased to over 787,000 in 2017, up 12% from the previous year.

According to the 2016 , 59.9% of working city of Minneapolis residents commuted by driving alone, 7.6% carpooled, 14.2% used public transportation, and 7.3% walked. About 5.1% used all other forms of transportation, including taxicab, motorcycle, and bicycle. About 5.9% of working city of Minneapolis residents worked at home. In 2015, 18.2% of city of Minneapolis households were without a car, which decreased to 17.1% in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Minneapolis averaged 1.35 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8 per household.

Bike rack on the Minneapolis ranked 27th in the nation for the highest percentage of commuters by bicycle in 2011, and was editorialized as the top bicycling city in "Bicycling's Top 50" ranking in 2010. Ten thousand cyclists use the bike lanes in the city each day, and many ride in the winter. The Public Works Department expanded the trail system from the to 56 mi (90 km) of off-street commuter trails including the , , , , and the West River Parkway Trail along the Mississippi. Minneapolis also has 40 miles (64 km) of dedicated bike lanes on city streets and encourages cycling by equipping transit buses with bike racks and by providing online bicycle maps. Many of these trails and bridges, such as the , were former railroad lines that have now been converted for bicycles and pedestrians. In 2007 citing the city's bicycle lanes, buses and LRT, identified Minneapolis the world's fifth cleanest city. In 2010, launched with 65 kiosks for bicycle sharing, and 19 were operating downtown. In 2016, Nice Ride expanded to 171 stations and 1,833 bikes supplied by , a Canadian company.

A 2011 study by ranked Minneapolis the ninth most walkable of 50 largest cities in the United States.

The , seven miles (11 km) of enclosed pedestrian bridges called , link eighty city blocks downtown. Second floor and connected to these passageways are open on weekdays.

(MSP) sits on 3,400 acres (1,400 ha) on the southeast border of the city between , , , and . The airport serves international, domestic, charter and regional carriers and is a hub and home base for and . It is also the third-largest hub for , who operate more flights out of MSP than any other airline. For terminals serving 25 to 40 million passengers, MSP was named the world's best airport for customer experience in North America in 2020 for the fourth consecutive year. Forbes named MSP the No. 2 Best Airport in North America, behind in 2019.

Health and utilities Main entrance of known as Hennepin HealthcareMinneapolis has seven hospitals, four ranked among America's best by U.S. News & World Report— (part of ), , (HCMC) and the . , and Allina's also serve the city. The in is a 75-minute drive away.

was developed at the university's Variety Club Hospital, where by 1957, more than 200 patients had survived open-heart operations, many of them children. Working with surgeon , began to build portable and implantable about this time.

Hennepin Healthcare opened in 1887 as City Hospital and was also known as Minneapolis General Hospital, Hennepin County General Hospital and HCMC. A public teaching hospital and , the HCMC safety net counted 643,739 clinic visits and 111,307 emergency and urgent care visits in 2019. In prior years responsible for about 18% of Minnesota's uncompensated care, HCMC provided much less uncompensated care in 2014 because, after the came into effect, its charity care declined more than bad debt went up.

A Funded in part by assessments on commercial properties, in 2009 Ambassadors of the Minneapolis Downtown Improvement District (DID) began working on 120 blocks of downtown to improve its cleanliness, friendliness and acceptability of behavior. They are employees of , a company in that serves 46 U.S. cities.

Utility providers are : supplies electricity, supplies gas, provides landline telephone service, and provides cable service. The city treats and distributes water and requires payment of a monthly solid waste fee for trash removal, recycling, and drop off for large items. Residents who recycle receive a credit. Hazardous waste is handled by Hennepin County drop off sites. After each significant snowfall, called a , the Minneapolis Public Works Street Division plows over 1,000 mi (1,610 km) of streets and 400 mi (640 km) of alleys—counting both sides, the distance between Minneapolis and Seattle and back. Ordinances govern parking on the plowing routes during these emergencies as well as snow shoveling throughout the city.

Notable people Main article: International relations Minneapolis has 12 , as per Sister Cities International:

On the city's website, , Canada, is listed as a sister city since 1973, but the two are not listed as sister cities in the organization's 2014 membership directory.

The city also has an informal connection with:

See also Notes References Further reading External links Listen to this article ()

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